Leoniz Ivanovich Rogozov was a Russian general practitioner. He was part of the sixth Soviet Antarctic Expedition between 1960-1961.
He was the only doctor in the Novolazarevskaya Station. While there, he felt sharp pains in his abdominal area. He realized he had developed peritonitis, which is an inflamation of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. He had to perform an appendectomy on himself!